Oncology is a vital specialty within the Indian Medical Course, focusing on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer. It encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, integrating surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy to provide comprehensive care for patients. In India, the rising incidence of various cancers necessitates an understanding of both common and rare malignancies, emphasizing the importance of early detection and innovative treatment strategies. The curriculum covers the biological basis of cancer, the latest advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, and the psychosocial aspects of patient care, ensuring that future oncologists are well-equipped to address the complexities of cancer management in a diverse population.